Bearberry grows across Canada on dry sandy soils (often called sandberry), but is also found on gravel terraces, sand dunes and in the boreal forest, and is valuable as ground cover for checking erosion on watersheds. A tea made from the plants stem is also used to avoid miscarriages and fasten recovery periods of a woman after a child is born. Hence, they dont get dehydrated easily. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. A wide range of animals eats bearberries. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Since bearberry is a Carnivores are at the top of the food web because they are meat eaters. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? WebAnimals found in the tundra include the Arctic hare, arctic fox, musk ox, yak, pika, antarctic penguin, polar bear, the snowy owl, the Himalayan tahr, and the caribou. Birds and bears eat the fruit parts of the plant, and grouse, moose, and sheep eat the leaves. It is adapted to long periods of cold climate and it can easily thrive in the tundra biome. The seeds growth is slow for around the first three or so years before it increases. Leathery leaves are also an adaptation to the cold of the tundra. Many animals in the tundra hibernate during the long, cold winter months. as sand, soils on rock outcrops and shallow soils. Young plover, a kind of bird, are abandoned on the tundra in Alaska and have to make their way back to Argentina in South America on their own. The Calliergon giganteum is fairly common. You can eat the berries of Bearberry, but you wont taste much, as they are granular and tasteless, or mealy, hence the nickname mealberry. Its role in curing complex diseases is immense. What animals eat the bearberries in the tundra? Is kanodia comes under schedule caste if no then which caste it is? On average, only six to ten weeks of the year have sufficiently warm temperatures and long days for plant growth. Foxberry, and Kinnikinic Permafrost Below the top soil, the ground is permanently frozen year round. How does a Labrador tea survive in the tundra? Tundra is a biome where low temperatures and short growing seasons result in sparse tree cover on land. It is one of about 2000 plant species on the tundra, most of which are mosses and lichens. The plant was named bearberry because bears like to eat its red berries. Also, the weather is very humid. Increases skin brightness by reducing melanin and reduces facial blemishes. As the stones break down, they become smaller and are passed out with urine. Normally, Bearberries are not poisonous. Yes. Menstrual cramp is related to this body function. Do you have any idea how? For more info, see, https://askabiologist.asu.edu/animals-tundra, Public Service and Bearberry was first documented in The Physicians of Myddfai, a 13th-century Welsh herbal. It again comes back to its normal color after the winter ends. "bear's grape". Bearberry increases urine production in the kidneys, helping break down kidney stones. Tundra regions typically get less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation annually, which means these areas are also considered deserts. Alpine bearberry: Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng (syn. What Animals Eat Penguins? How do bearberry survive in the tundra? rises 2-8" off the ground and is covered in a thick A wide range of animals eats bearberries. Bearberry is very helpful in improving the functions of the digestive system. This plant is native to Europe, Asia, North America which is why bearberries are abundant in the northern parts of the worlds. All parts components in the plants structure can be used in some way. But how do they survive in below-freezing temperatures? The leaves of the plant are used in herbal medicine. When was AR 15 oralite-eng co code 1135-1673 manufactured? Do you have pictures of Gracie Thompson from the movie Gracie's choice? Bearberry grows in a diversity of areas in which there is dry, non-nutrient, usually sandy soils, exposed to direct sunlight. This low-growing evergreens leathery leaves and silky hairs provide protection from the cold and wind. The Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) inhabits the tundra regions of the world where it is well-adapted to the mountainous and polar habitat. For example, the red berry fruits can be eaten and cooked with a variety of other foods. Polar bears are well adapted for survival in the Arctic. But do you know they dont eat some parts of the plants? You cannot download interactives. It contains a tyrosinase enzyme which reduces the production of melanin. Hibernation is a period of rest lasting several months. It can also grow in sandy or rock-hard lands. This can cause problems like painful periods, excessive bleeding, infertility, painful bowel movement, or urination. It is one of about 2000 plant species on the tundra, most of which are mosses and lichens. Women with endometriosis go through more severe irritation, tiredness, anxiety, and depression during this period. It gives a soothing sensation to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, which prevents infection. Thus, it can absorb the essential vitamins and minerals from the food source. 17 February, 2014. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/animals-tundra, Melanie Sturm. It's fine silky hairs also help to keep it warm. People use bearberry in a variety of cases. The flowers have five petals and are pale Bearberry is a medicinal plant. These fleshy-fruit plants become their source of food during mid-summer. Tundra form in two distinct cold and dry regions. WebBut tigers, other bears, wolves, and especially humans have been known to attack and kill bears. For example, the red berry fruits, can be eaten and cooked with a variety of other foods. But its scientific name is Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. A tea made from the leaves can be drunk But it cant grow in clay. The roots can be made into a tea that is capable of treating medical purposes such as continuous coughs and may. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. It has a wide prey base that includes lemmings, voles, fish, seabirds, and more. Image by Daniel Ramirez. It not only brightens skin but also reduces blemishes and dark spots. Polar bears, yaks, mountain goats, snowy owls, and arctic foxes are just a few of the unique animals found living in the tundra biome. WebThe polar bear is adapted to life in a cold climate. For some, the answer is antifreeze. A ground-nester by nature, the snowy owl's predominant rodent prey matches its ecological niche. The Its dry The tundra gets about as much precipitation as the average desert, around 10 inches per year. In North America, caribou is found in Alaska, northern parts of Canada including territories in Yukon, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Canadian Rockies, Selkirk and the Columbia Mountains. Greenland, Iceland, and northern Eurasia. Nevertheless, large intakes of this may result in nausea or strange side effects of turning the urine green. It is also used to reduce body weight. An academic unit ofThe College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, You may need to edit author's name to meet the style formats, which are in most cases "Last name, First name. Even given constraints like these, a lot of animals call the tundra home for at least part of the year. A tea from the stem is used to Lemmings, voles, caribou, arctic hares and squirrels are examples of tundra herbivores at the bottom of the food web. Insect antifreeze is a naturally occurring protein that lowers the freezing point of water in insect bodies. The name "bearberry" for the plant derives from the edible fruit which is a favorite food of bears. Arctous alpinus (L.) Niedenzu). Various types of natural skin care products contain bearberry extract. They often have a strong sense of smell to help them find food underneath the snow. WebMany migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. Seals form the major part of their diet. What is sunshine DVD access code jenna jameson? WebMany migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. Permafrost Below the top soil, the ground is permanently frozen year round. Its cold The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. This map shows migration routes taken by several birds, including some that live in the tundra. Well, to be honest, bearberries cant grow well in tropical areas. Arctous alpinus (L.) Niedenzu). These Alpine tundra animals are undoubtedly cute looking. Polar bears are well adapted for survival in the Arctic. Chinchillas are crepuscular alpine tundra animals that inhabit the Andes mountains in South America. Food web: the connections between all the organisms that eat and are eaten by each other in a particular placemore, Forage: to look for food. Folk tales suggest Marco Polo thought the Chinese were using it as a diuretic. Bearberry is plentiful in the wild. WebMany migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. [3] The fruit are edible and are sometimes gathered as food for humans. Do Eric benet and Lisa bonet have a child together? This plant is native to Europe, Asia, North America which is why bearberries are abundant in the northern parts of the worlds vegetation. Many other berries are eaten, but they have shorter seasons, are scarce, or are less preferred. Since bearberry is a low growing plant it can stay out of the wind chill. The mountain goats are the largest animals occasionally found at altitudes above 13,000 feet and usually live above the tree line in their habitat. Many migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. Also, its very dry and mealy in the raw condition. Since bearberry is a low growing plant it can stay out of the wind chill. Bearberry. Bearberry helps the body heal quickly when an injury or a wound occurs. One of the smallest of the Arctic tundra animals, the lemming is a subniveal animal which means it lives underneath the snowpack and moves by digging tunnels beneath the snow-covered land of its habitat. substitute for it. [4] Native Americans use bearberry leaves with tobacco and other herbs in religious ceremonies, both as a smudge (type of incense) or smoked in a sacred pipe carrying the smoker's prayers to the Great Spirit. It is clearly demonstrated the fact that bearberries play a significant role in the medical economy. The tahr is a herbivore that feeds on leaves, fruits, grasses, and other plant parts. Luckily, during the long-lighted days of summer, there is more time in each day to hunt for food. Red, smooth and glossy bearberry seeds ripen in autumn and are the size of a small currant, very bright, with a tough skin encircling the pulp. If they dont, there is not enough time to start over with a second nest. Thus, it enhances the smooth muscle contraction and movement of the content through the digestive tract. Bearberry also represents important source of food for the wild species of sheep and goats, elk, deer, wild turkey and grouse. They live in burrows dug be the ground, move alone or in groups, and can run at speeds of 60 km per hour. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The bearberry plants have made many adaptations that allow for success in their tundra biome. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. A long time ago, Native Americans tended to use this plant to cure medical problems in the urinal system like kidney stones and nephritis (kidney inflammation). The snowy owl is a big, white owl that is native to the tundra ecoregions of Eurasia and North America. The natural habitat for Red bearberries in southwestern China, east to eastern Siberia, Sichuan, Alaska, northern Canada to northern Quebec. Here, we describe some of the most notable animals of the tundra biomes of the world. However, the color of the fruit becomes red when it ripens. Rockhopper penguin, macaroni penguin, king penguin, gentoo penguin, emperor penguin, adelie penguin, and chinstrap penguin are the penguins of Antarctica. The Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) is a Himalayan native that can be sighted in Nepal, Tibet, and Nepal. Compromising of thick, weather-beaten leaves covered in fine, silky hair is another adaptation to the freezing temperatures. The mixed fur colors of this arctic fox show the white winter coat giving way to the dark summer coat. Everything from insects, like mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, blackflies and arctic bumble bees, to larger animals take advantage. the size of a small currant, very bright, with a tough skin encircling the pulp. Its cold The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. These seeds are largely pollinated by the wind. The pika is a small mammal with round body, rounded ears, short limbs, and no external tail. This duodenal herb acts as a catalyst in the breakdown of food with enzymes in the small intestine. You can find these plants in Alaska, Canada, Iceland, Greenland, New Mexico, and even in alpine regions like mountains in west Montana. Arctic tundra are found on high-latitude landmasses, above the Arctic Circlein Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland, Iceland, and Scandinavia, for exampleor on far southern regions, like Antarctica. On the stem are many oval-shaped, leathery leaves that are _" to 1" long. Lemmings are solitary creatures that remain active throughout the cold season instead of hibernating. Its dry The tundra gets about as much precipitation as the average desert, around 10 inches per year. Animals of all sizes have adapted to harsh weather conditions and long winters of the tundra. The efficacy and safety of bearberry treatment in humans remain unproven,[8] as no clinical trials exist to interpret effects on any disease. It's Regardless of what type of bear it is, as an apex predator and carnivore, bears, have almost no natural predators. Arbutin is one of the ingredients found in bearberry that can inhibit the maturation of melanosomes. Animals That Live in the Tundra - WorldAtlas Animals That Live in the Tundra Bearberry, Loved by Bears and HumansAlike Eat The Planet. Click for more detail. I don't think there are any animals that they prey on (unless they are small animals), but they do eat willows, shrubs, forbs, sage, bearberry, rose, and other woody plants. i know that the ice bear and the artic fox eat the bearberries in the tundra What animals eat fungi from the tundra? Summer is for mating, too. This woolly bear caterpillar can freeze solid, then thaw, and keep on living and growing. Thailand Animals - Animals That Live in Thailand, 10 Animals That Live in Pakistan Pakistan Animals, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. Nevertheless, large intakes of this may result in nausea or strange side effects of turning the urine green. Washington to the mountains of west Montana, and from there, An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. This is an example of Amensalism. Scavengers in numbers are also a threat. The roots [1] Furthermore, one can see from the images that they have a round shape to them as well. useful plant. Thus, it has specialized adaptation qualities for its survival in cold and windy environments. These are mostly just limited to other bears, humans, scavengers, and the occasional tiger. But, consuming a lot of Bearberries can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach fever, and tinnitus. But its greatest contribution is in medicine. However, this plant has dark green leaves, Flexible streams of tear-drop shape, and trailing shrubs with an alternate. This plant is native to North America, Asia, and Europe regions. Many animals have shorter legs and ears to minimize exposing their skin to the cold. Hence, you can also find them beside the beach. This includes eating, drinking, breathing, and getting rid of wastesmore, Prey: animal hunted for food by another animal or animalsmore. Many animals, both predator and prey, develop white fur or feathers in the winter months for camouflage in ice and snow. The leaves can be added to tobacco or used as a Native American use bearberry in a wide range of remedy applications. Though the tundra is remote, it is increasingly threatened as people encroach on it to build or drill for oil, for example. Only dried leaves are used for making medicine. Unlike the other species of Arctostaphylos (see manzanita), they are adapted to Arctic and Subarctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? Also, they can grow both in sunny and shaded places. It gets its name because it is a diet for the bear. Most women with endometriosis suffer from a deficiency of a wide range of minerals and vitamins. It is called bearberry because its a favorite food of bears. Bearberry is a very useful plant. WebBearberry Common name: Bearberry, Foxberry, and Kinnikinic Genus: Arctostaphylos Species: uva-ursi Parts used: Bearberry is a low growing evergreen. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. WebBut tigers, other bears, wolves, and especially humans have been known to attack and kill bears. This crabeater seal lives on the coast of Antarctica. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Sometimes caribou herds can contain hundreds of thousands of animals, traveling together between spring calving and feeding grounds and more protected winter feeding grounds, usually in the forested southern reaches of the Arctic. It is eaten by migrating animals such as birds. Many other berries are eaten, but they have shorter seasons, are scarce, or are less preferred. Bearberry leaves are also used as a substitution form of tobacco or include in tobacco ingredients. [4], Native American Indians traditionally made use of the plant's leaves, which they gathered in summer and dried for use as a tobacco substitute or mixed with tobacco. Bearberries can grow in a wide range of ground, whether dry, non-nutrient, sand or rocky ground. Songbirds, game birds, wild turkeys, and grouse eat bearberries. Thus, these plants are available in the Arctic and sub-arctic regions, making them an available food source for polar bears. I will discuss that and its role in the food ecosystem and medical science. Therefore, it could be poisonous for pregnant women, people with kidney diseases, and food allergies. Bearberry. because bears like to feast on these Scavengers in numbers are also a threat. fox. Summer melts away the snow, allowing shallow wetlands to form. One of the most numerous animals in the Arctic is the caribou. Bearberry is However, cooking brings outs the natural sweetness of bearberries. Its dry The tundra gets about as much precipitation as the average desert, around 10 inches per year. Other areas of the world include When mixed with tobacco or other herbs, it is referred to as kinnikinnick, from an Algonquian (probably Delaware) word for "mixture". Click to see full answer. How does bearberry survive in the tundra? Herbivore: an animal that eats only plants. The fruit are edible and are sometimes gathered as food for humans. Bearberry is plentiful in the wild. For that energy, they rely on stores of fat they built up over the summer. It helps to have a lot of fur and fat. "Bearberry" As bearberries can absorb vitamins and can provide them to body cells, it will increase the bodys functions. The adult parents leave earlier, perhaps to allow more food for the young. They graze on plant parts, especially grasses. As the liver function increases in protein and fat metabolism, it can balance the hormones of prostaglandins. WebThe name "bearberry" for the plant derives from the edible fruit which is a favorite food of bears. Its species include A. Alpina(L.) Spreng(syn. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Picture holding an insect in your hand and how tiny it looks compared to you and everything else. Therefore, their body temperature remains normal throughout the harsh winter as it keeps the heat inside their body. The roots can be made into a tea that is capable of treating medical purposes such as continuous coughs and may also slow down menstrual bleeding. Mountain goats are tundra animals that are endemic to North America. regions. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. All parts of it can be used in some way. The petals are only _" long and are is a scavenger but it is also higher in the food chain than the arctic. Raw bearberry is safe for consumption. low growing plant it can stay out of the wind chill. Therefore, keep reading to learn more interesting facts about bearberries. ASU - Ask A Biologist. They are currently classified as critically endangered. These seeds are largely pollinated by the wind. There are also three types of Tundra. Mainly, it grows in ovaries and fallopian tubes. Scientists, teachers, writers, illustrators, and translators are all important to the program. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. WebThe polar bear is adapted to life in a cold climate. are also an adaptation to the cold of the tundra. Another key to an animals survival in the tundra is knowing when to eat and when to sleep in order to save energy. The number of chinchillas has reduced considerably due to the hunting of these animals for their fur. These rodents live in large colonies at elevations as high as 14,000 feet. Many migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. It contains some special skin-whitening ingredients that reduce melanin production in the skin. Bearberries use asexual reproduction and hence, the seeds are distributed by either animals and gravity. In the warmer areas of the tundra, it grows straight up and in the colder areas, it grows almost carpet-like, closer to the ground. Songbirds, game birds, wild turkeys, and grouse eat bearberries. You will get two different tastes depending on whether you are eating it raw or cooked. Polar bears are well-adapted to survive in the cold climate of their habitat. They have long, cold winters with high winds and average temperatures below freezing for six to ten months of the year. Pakistan ka ow konsa shehar ha jisy likhte howy pen ki nuk ni uthati? If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The plant has adapted to be able to acheive photosynthesis in the harsh climate. Permafrost Below the top soil, the ground is permanently frozen year round. But the leaves should be collected in green condition and then dried by exposing them to gentle heat. http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/mediciq00s03.htm Biology, Ecology, Geography, Physical Geography. But be cautious in eating raw bearberries if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant. Bearberry is arctic or subarctic shrubs or semi-shrubs. "Animals of the Tundra". No matter the size of the animal, life in the tundra can be tough. Mainly birds and small mammals are fond of bearberries. ASU - Ask A Biologist. prevent miscarriage and to speed up a women's recovery after You will find a group of red cherry berries that will be 1 cm across. (12/2/00), "Shrub Fact Bearberry is a low growing evergreen that belongs to the heather family. It first appeared in the London Pharmacopoeia in 1788. WebMany migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. Many tundra animals migrate to warmer climates during the winter. Bearberry mainly grows across mountains and moorlands. It helps in improving the digestive system so that it can efficiently absorb nutrients from foods. bearberry, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), also called kinnikinnick, flowering prostrate evergreen shrubs of the heath family (Ericaceae), occurring widely throughout the northern reaches of Europe, Asia, and North America in rocky and sandy woods and in open areas. The same applies if you are breastfeeding your baby or suffering from any kidney complications. 1 What animals eat bearberry in the tundra? WebMany migratory birds and mammals also rely on bearberries as food like songbirds, gamebirds, five species of grouse and Wild Turkey and mammals such as polar bears. All rights reserved. [All You Need to Know], Where Do Sea Lions Live? It has no predators; its prey consists of the Musk oxen, Caribou, wood Bison, Voles, Lemmings, Polar Bear, Dall sheep, Arctic Ground Squirrel, Snowy owl and Lemmings. This species is available mainly in Scotland, mountains, and high latitudes. Some are also well adapted to living high up in the mountains. Scientific name of the plant Arctostaphylos means bunch of bears grape in Greek language. also slow down menstrual bleeding. Leathery leaves The word, forage, is mainly used when looking for seeds and plantsmore. Atop the food chain are tundra carnivores, such as arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), arctic wolves (Canis lupus), snowy owls (Bubo scandiaca), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus), which move into the tundra during the summer when prey is plentiful and their usual hunting grounds on sea ice diminish. (2005) "Impact of socio-demographic factors, knowledge and attitude on the use of herbal drugs in pregnancy", "Inhibition of proliferation of human carcinoma cell lines by phenolic compounds from a bearberry-leaf crude extract and its fractions", "Chromatographic Separation of Tannin Fractions from a Bearberry-leaf (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi L. Sprengel) Extract by Se-hplc a Short Report", Assessment report on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., folium, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bearberry&oldid=1148208436, Flora without expected TNC conservation status, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. is that barberry is any of the thorny shrubs of genus berberis , which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries while bearberry is any of three dwarf shrubs of the genus arctostaphylos , which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries. But do you know they dont eat some parts of the plants? There are various ways to treat endometriosis, and bearberry is one of them. ", American Psychological Association. Polar bears, yaks, mountain goats, snowy owls, and arctic foxes are just a few of the unique animals found living in the tundra biome. Sheet" It prevents external infection, used as an ointment for wounds. It has no predators; its prey consists of the Musk oxen, Caribou, wood Bison, Voles, Lemmings, Polar Bear, Dall sheep, Arctic Ground Squirrel, Snowy owl and Lemmings. Songbirds, game birds, wild turkeys, and grouse eat bearberries. A wide range of animals eats bearberries. What is bearberry eaten by? If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The plant was named bearberry because bears like to eat its red berries. 27 Apr 2023. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/animals-tundra. Bearberry contains anti-inflammatory properties that can prevent postnatal infections and relieve the discomfort of the mother. How Do Populations Survive In The Tundra? It keeps our body clean by removing toxins from the kidneys. Community Solutions, The Mysterious Case of the Missing Periods. Animals That Live in the Tundra - WorldAtlas Animals That Live in the Tundra It turns into a dark purplish color in winter, whereas it becomes green again in spring. Stories like the plovers are normal for species that spend part of the time in the tundra. What Animals Eat Bearberries? It lives in New Zealands South Island where it inhabits the forested and alpine regions of the island. Generally, bearberry plants can adapt to cold weather. Woolly bear image via IronChris. There are also three types of Tundra. Therefore, bearberry eases bowel movement, which benefits women with endometrial implants. Many birds also migrate into the tundra during the growing season to feed, mate, and nest. Alpine bearberry: Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng (syn. Songbirds, game birds, wild turkeys, and grouse eat bearberries.

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