[6][7], most carpetbaggers probably combine the desire for personal gain with a commitment to taking part in an effort "to substitute the civilization of freedom for that of slavery". 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Selecting your Favorite Nicknames. These groups were aligned behind Republican goals. B. social contract Initially, these Northern migrants were well received. In fact, most of the Northern migrants came from middle-class backgrounds. Furbush and three other black leaders, including the bill's primary sponsor, state senator Richard A. Dawson, sued a Little Rock barkeeper for refusing to serve their group. A carpetbagger was portrayed as a lower-class schemer with little education who could carry everything he owned in a cheap carpet bag. In the history of the United States, carpetbagger is a largely historical term used by Southerners to describe opportunistic Northerners who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War, who were perceived to be exploiting the local populace for their own financial, political, and/or social gain. ThoughtCo, Nov. 1, 2020, thoughtco.com/carpetbagger-definition-4774772. Yet it was often resented. Carpetbaggers packed all of their belongings into a bag and moved south. Furbush twice won reelection as sheriff, serving from 1873 to 1878. Learn about Carpetbaggers and Scalawags. A classic example of someone called a carpetbagger was Robert Kennedy when he announced his run for the U.S. Senate in New York State. Scalawags, carpetbaggers, and African Americans worked together to transform the South during Reconstruction. The earliest specific Australian reference is a printed recipe from between 1899 and 1907.[59]. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers. | Sharecropping History & Significance, Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 | Summary, Significance, & History, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, High School World History: Tutoring Solution, Middle School US History: Help and Review, Middle School US History: Homework Help Resource, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, Create an account to start this course today. These carpetbaggerswhom many in the South viewed as opportunists looking to exploit and profit from the regions misfortunessupported the Republican Party, and would play a central role in shaping new southern governments during Reconstruction. While some carpetbaggers supported African American equality and worked to protect their voting rights, others were motivated primarily by financial gain or political power. Read about the role Carpetbaggers played in Reconstruction. In general, the term carpetbagger refers to a traveler who arrives in a new region with only a satchel (or carpetbag) of possessions, and who attempts to profit from or gain control over his new surroundings, often against the will or consent of the original inhabitants. Foner wrote that the term, as an insult, was used mainly by "white supremacist opponents of Reconstruction" policies. Ideographs, or symbolic terms so resonant with political imagery and meaning as to influence political action, include words like carpetbagger and scalawag. , After a __________ in singles, a player loses the serve. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/whats-the-difference-between-a-carpetbagger-and-a-scalawag. After the Civil War, the South was badly in need of investment capital, and a large influx of Northerners sought economic opportunity there. Between January and September 1944, Operation Carpetbagger operated 1,860 sorties between RAF Harrington, England, and various points in occupied Europe. My people have been told by these schemers, when men have been placed on the ticket who were notoriously corrupt and dishonest, that they must vote for them; that the salvation of the party depended upon it; that the man who scratched a ticket was not a Republican. As governor, Warmoth was plagued by accusations of corruption, which continued to be a matter of controversy long after his death. All Rights Reserved. The combination of beef and oysters is traditional. The term "carpetbagger" referred to Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to participate in the region's political and economic reconstruction. McNamara, Robert. After the war, many former Union soldiers remained in the south rather than return to their homes in the north. carpetbagger in the United States a derogatory term for an individual from the North who relocated to the South during the Reconstruction period (1865-77) following the American Civil War. Explanation: Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Social Studies. Did you know? He was narrowly re-elected in a campaign marked by egregious voter fraud and violence against freedmen by Democratic Red Shirts, who succeeded in suppressing the black vote in some majority-black counties. Many also had political experience from before the war, either as members of Congress or as judges or local officials. Political term arose during Reconstruction and became widespread. As the Reconstruction era progressed, antipathy for these carpetbaggers swelled and intensified among white Southerners, who increasingly saw them as interlopers who failed to understand the relationship between blacks and whites in the region. The modern usage of the term is far removed from the deep bitterness and racial aspect of the Reconstruction era. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Congress passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 marked the beginning of the Radical Reconstruction period, which would last for the next decade. In the modern era, the term is used to describe someone running for election in a region in which they have no longstanding roots. During his term, he adopted a policy of "fusion", a post-Reconstruction power-sharing compromise between Populist Democrats and Republicans. Today, the term Carpetbagger is used to describe a political candidate that is new to a region for which they are running for political office. Carpetbaggers got their name from their . answered expert verified The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. In most cases, the carpetbaggers won out, and many scalawags moved into the conservative or Democratic opposition. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Chamberlain was said to justify white supremacy by arguing that, in evolutionary terms, the Negro obviously belonged to an inferior social order. They were among the founders of the Republican party in Mississippi. , still divided, but both parts are democratic. Industrial Workers of the World History & Goals | What is the IWW? "William Hines Furbush (18391902)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpetbagger&oldid=1152364086, Brown, Canter, Jr. "Carpetbagger Intrigues, Black Leadership, and a Southern Loyalist Triumph: Florida's Gubernatorial Election of 1872", Campbell, Randolph B. He was appointed South Carolina's attorney general from 1868 to 1872 and was elected Republican governor from 1874 to 1877. [44], During World War II, the U.S. Office of Strategic Services surreptitiously supplied necessary tools and material to resistance groups in Europe. To that end, they became natural allies of the freedmen. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. What was the term given to Northerners who tried to help educate freedman in the South? The Rail Splitter Repairing the Union, Joseph E. Baker, 1865. Carpetbaggers were able to vote and hold political office, unlike many southerners. - Facts, Debates & Timeline, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. [30], George Luke Smith, a New Hampshire native, served briefly in the U.S. House from Louisiana's 4th congressional district but was unseated in 1874 by the Democrat William M. Levy. [17], Union General Adelbert Ames, a native of Maine, was appointed military governor and later was elected as Republican governor of Mississippi during the Reconstruction era. Republican-led racially integrated Reconstruction state legislatures were long and widely portrayed as corrupt and incompetent, but, though corruption was present in these legislatures, it was likely no more prevalent than in other 19th-century state governments. He left the state in the 1890s after it disenfranchised black voters. b Investors in these mutuals would receive shares in the new public companies, usually distributed at a flat rate, thus equally benefiting small and large investors, and providing a broad incentive for members to vote for conversion-advocating leadership candidates. Scalawags were another group of people that were greatly disliked by former Confederates. He was the last Republican to represent that state in the U.S. House of Representatives, having served from 1883 to 1885. Advertisement Advertisement ueydehddqw ueydehddqw Answer: A, Carpetbagger. They became wealthy landowners, hiring freedmen and white Southerners to do the labor through the development of sharecropping. Some scalawags were established planters (mostly in the Deep South) who thought that whites should recognize Blacks civil and political rights while still retaining control of political and economic life. New York: McGraw Hill, 2002. Being called a carpetbagger didn't seem to hurt, however, and he won election to the U.S. Senate in 1964. The bitterness and hate created by the late civil strife has, in my opinion, been obliterated in this state, except perhaps in some localities, and would have long since been entirely obliterated, were it not for some unprincipled men who would keep alive the bitterness of the past, and inculcate a hatred between the races, in order that they may aggrandize themselves by office, and its emoluments, to control my people, the effect of which is to degrade them. Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The majority of the scalawags were non-slaveholding small farmers as well as merchants, artisans and other professionals who had remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. "[14], Carpetbaggers tended to be well educated and middle class in origin. [38], The Dunning school of American historians (19001950) espoused White supremacy and viewed "carpetbaggers" unfavorably, arguing that they degraded the political and business culture. I feel like its a lifeline. It indicated members of the public who joined mutual societies with the hope of making a quick profit from the conversion. Southern Newspaper Advertisement Warning Carpetbaggers, 1868. [8], Beginning in 1862, Northern abolitionists moved to areas in the South that had fallen under Union control. Most of them were ex-soldiers, but others had not served in the military. "[16], Many Northern and Southern Republicans shared a modernizing vision of upgrading the Southern economy and society, one that would replace the inefficient Southern plantation regime with railroads, factories, and more efficient farming. [citation needed], Following the end of his 1873 legislative term, Furbush was appointed as county sheriff by Republican Governor Elisha Baxter. A carpetbagger was an individual that moved from the north to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877). Northerners who came to the South and supported African American equality. Foner says Littlefield disbursed $200,000 (bribes) to win support in the legislature for state money for his railroads, and Democrats as well as Republicans were guilty of taking the bribes and making the decisions on the railroad. D. consent of A scalawag was a white southerner who supported the Republican Party during the period of Reconstruction. ", This was the origin of the term "carpet bag," and out of it grew the well known term "carpet-bag government. Explanation: google Advertisement Robert Kennedy, in 1964, ran and won the election to the U.S. Senate for New York. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As reconstruction continued, southerners viewed Carpetbaggers as opportunistic northerners who were taking advantage of weakened southerners. C. Vietnam is split into several small states of different political structures When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [22], Albert T. Morgan, the Republican sheriff of Yazoo, Mississippi, received a brief flurry of national attention when insurgent white Democrats took over the county government and forced him to flee. Get the Brainly App Examples of modern Carpetbaggers would be Robert Kennedy and Hillary Clinton, who both ran and won elections to the U.S. Senate for the State of New York. What Was the Teapot Dome Scandal? Carpetbagger is a term from the United States political history. Fowler, Wilton B. Only one state official and one justice of the state supreme court were Northerners. Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, Stoff. There they joined like-minded Southerners, most of which were employed by the Methodist and Baptist Churches, who spent much of their time teaching and preaching to slave and freedpeople congregations both before and after the Civil War. The oppositive of a carpetbagger would be called a native. White Southerners commonly denounced "carpetbaggers" collectively during the post-war years, fearing they would loot and plunder the defeated South and be politically allied with the Radical Republicans. [37], Carpetbaggers were least numerous in Texas. "[24], Albion W. Tourge, formerly of Ohio and a friend of President James A. Garfield, moved to North Carolina, where he practiced as a lawyer and was appointed a judge. The revisionist school in the 1930s called them stooges of Northern business interests. [54][55] Hillary Clinton was attacked by opponents as carpetbagging, because she had never resided in New York State or participated in the state's politics before the 2000 Senate race. [15], Leading "black carpetbaggers" believed the interests of capital and labor were identical, and that the freedmen were entitled to little more than an "honest chance in the race of life. The earliest specific reference is in a United States newspaper in 1891. Literally describing an unwelcome stranger with no more property than could be carried in a satchel (carpetbag), the epithet later came to refer to anyone perceived as an interloper who came to a region to exploit it against the wishes of the inhabitants. [27], A politician in South Carolina who was called a carpetbagger was Daniel Henry Chamberlain, a New Englander who had served as an officer of a predominantly black regiment of the United States Colored Troops. An error occurred trying to load this video. The term came about in the years following the Civil War, when northerners flocked to the defeated South to do business and were bitterly portrayed as unscrupulous outsiders engaged in political corruption and unethical business practices. However, as more northerners moved to the south and were able to buy land and businesses, former wealthy southerners found their social standing in the south quickly changing. She has also completed an Educational specialist degree in curriculum and instruction, and will have a doctorate in curriculum and assessment. [citation needed]. Get started for free! Southern society during Reconstruction was a complicated landscape of competing interests. Although the exact origins of scalawag are unknown, it was in use in the United States before the Civil War as a term for both a farm animal of little value and a neer-do-well individual. The term was used to describe a White southerner who worked with members of the Republican Party and supported Reconstruction policies. One of the primary problems the former Confederate States faced was the financial ruin the war had left them. In general, the southern state governments formed during this period of Reconstruction represented a coalition of African Americans, recently arrived northern whites (carpetbaggers) and southern white Republicans (scalawags). succeed. However, the Republican Party inside each state was increasingly torn between the more conservative scalawags on one side and the more Radical carpetbaggers with their black allies on the other. In 1889, he co-founded the African American newspaper National Democrat. After General Lee surrendered to General Grant, the United States entered a period called Reconstruction. The correct answer: "People from the North that moved to the South after the US Civil War". [45] British Agents used this "noise" as cover for their use of Carpetbagger for the nominated Agent who was carrying monies [authentic and counterfeit] to the Underground/Resistance. In the modern era, the use of carpetbagger endures to denote someone who has moved into a region and run for office. A carpetbagger is a northerner who moved to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) for economic, social, and sometimes political opportunities. The term is closely associated with "scalawag", a similarly pejorative word used to describe native white Southerners who supported the Republican Party-led Reconstruction. See answers . Meanwhile, white Southerners who supported Reconstruction-era Republicans were called scalawags by their political enemies, who considered them traitors to the South and just as bad, if not worse, than carpetbaggers. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. A. natural law Some of those disparaged as carpetbaggers were opening banks and schools and helping to rebuild the infrastructure of the South which had been badly damaged, if not entirely destroyed. 332 lessons. Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. He once opined that "Jesus Christ was a carpetbagger. [46][47][48][49], The term was also used by John Fahey, a former Premier of New South Wales and federal Liberal finance minister, in the context of shoddy "tradespeople" who travelled to Queensland to take advantage of victims following the 20102011 Queensland floods. [9] Schoolteachers and religious missionaries went to the South to teach the freedmen; some were sponsored by northern churches. This led many building societies to implement anti-carpetbagging policies, such as not accepting new deposits from customers who lived outside the normal operating area of the society. A term often associated with carpetbagger was "scalawag." In French politics, carpetbagging is known as parachutage, which means "parachuting" in French. The period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) began with a focus on putting the country back together again politically, economically, and physically. The term was popularized by those who believed the formerly enslaved people were "unprepared for freedom, hence they relied on unscrupulous northerners, hence Reconstruction produced misgovernment and corruption.". Kennedy had lived in suburban New York for part of his childhood, and could claim some connection to New York, but he was still criticized. In reality, many of the Northerners who migrated to former Confederate states during Reconstruction were middle-class professionals seeking economic opportunities; a number also were motivated by a desire to aid newly freed African-American slaves or participate in other efforts intended to reform Southern society. One year of residence in a state in the Reconstruction South brought the right to vote and hold office, and many transplanted Northerners then ran for and held political office, especially representing largely black constituencies. , still divided, but both parts are democratic. For other uses, see. d April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union; the U.S. Civil War was over. [50][51], In the United States, the common usage, usually derogatory, refers to politicians who move to different states, districts or areas to run for office despite their lack of local ties or familiarity. Carpetbaggers were able to buy property and businesses cheaply because southerners needed the money to pay Civil War debts; the Confederate States of America (CSA) had borrowed a great deal of money from citizens but could not pay any of it back. They portrayed "liberty" in 1896 as the right to rise above the rising tide of equality. "A Carpetbagger's Conversion to White Supremacy.". During the period of Reconstruction, many northerners moved to the south and were called Carpetbaggers. d [37], In March 1879 Furbush left Arkansas for Colorado. , After a __________ in singles, a player loses the serve. But those with altruistic motivations, including teachers and employees of the Freedmen's Bureau, were also routinely denounced as carpetbaggers. To call someone a Carpetbagger today, is to note that they are not native to the region and are an outsider. The OSS called this effort Operation Carpetbagger. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. The post-war years in the south provided many Americans with an opportunity to benefit from the financial reconstruction of the south. In its earliest usage in the American South, the term was considered quite negative and was leveled as an insult. In the two years following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the end of the Civil War in April 1865, Lincolns successor Andrew Johnson angered many northerners and Republican members of Congress with his conciliatory policies towards the defeated South. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Furbush was elected to two terms in the Arkansas House of Representatives, 187374 (from an African-American majority district in the Arkansas Delta, made up of Phillips and Monroe counties.) Carpetbaggers moved to the south to take advantage of the cheap land and business that were being sold by southerners. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.

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