Chem. Ohno et al., Systemically injected exosomes targeted to EGFR deliver antitumor microRNA to breast cancer cells. A few current strategies are based on the chemistry programmed into the nanosystems that are responsive towards pH or temperature, erosion due to the local chemical environment, redox reaction-based release, and enzyme-mediated release as discussed below [62]. B Biol. Chem. The first FDA (the Food and Drug Administration, national agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services) approved nano-drug is one consisting of PEGylated liposome entrapped doxorubicin (DOX) targeted against HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma tumor, and ovarian cancer. It is anticipated that multiple drugs when delivered simultaneously to a cancer cell will exhibit a synergistic effect, when administered in an optimized ratio. Cell Cycle 8(22), 36153616 (2009), P.N. Release 141(3), 320327 (2010), X. 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C 89, 274282 (2018), D. Wang et al., Facile preparation of doxorubicin-loaded and folic acid-conjugated carbon nanotubes@poly(N-vinyl pyrrole) for targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal cancer treatment. Nevertheless, it is essential to choose the right type of ligand for improvedand efficient targeting of the tumor cells. Mater. 12, 14531464 (2017), X. Hua et al., Magnetically triggered drug release from nanoparticles and its applications in anti-tumor treatment. Tumor-specific targeting at the surface of the cancer cells has also been explored to eradicate tumor cells. Carbon-based nanomaterials have also been extensively studied in imaging, delivery and diagnosis of cancer, due to their attractive characteristics such as high surface area, high drug loading capacity, and easily modifiable surfaces [7, 192,193,194,195,196,197]. Nano Converg. Azhar NA, Abu Bakar SA, Citartan M, Ahmad NH. Cancer 105(4), 561567 (2003), R.B. 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To date, polymeric nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, liposomes, and dendrimers have been developed as smart drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, demonstrating enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles over conventional formulations due to their nanoscale size and unique physicochemical characteristics. Disclaimer. Pharm. Nanotechnology for early cancer detection. A clear understanding of these factors will provide important synthesis strategies for targeted nanoparticles therapyactive or passive targeting alike. 6, 286 (2015), B.S. Smart Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer. Areas covered: Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug delivery vehicles consist of. Mater. NanoBiotechnology 3(1), 4045 (2007), A. Verma, V.M. Likewise, ztrk et al., developed a PEF modified dendrimer-based drug delivery system targeting Flt-1 (a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)) receptor to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. 65(1), 7179 (2013), R.K. Jain, T. Stylianopoulos, Delivering nanomedicine to solid tumors. Different nanoparticles provide different means of entrapping drug molecules, as described later in the section. Illustration of TMZ (temozolomide) and siRNA conjugated preparation of folic acid decorated Fa-PEG-PEI-PCL and release of antitumor therapeutics inside the cancer cells (a); TEM images showing TMZ-conjugated, folic acid-decorated PEC micelle (left) and TMZ and siRNA-conjugated, folic acid-decorated PEC micelle (right) at pH 7.4. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Also, it is apparent that the nanomaterials distribution within the cell is strongly governed by their surface charge, which needs to be engineered to avoid undesirable uptake from the normal cells to achieve target specific action without adverse impact on normal cells. J. In the fight against cancer, early detection is a key factor for successful treatment. Navya, P.N., Kaphle, A., Srinivas, S.P. pp. Polym. Oncol. Biomater. Roopan, Biosynthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles and its anticancer activity on human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116). Nanotechnol. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal We also discuss the current challenges and perspectives of nanomaterials in effective cancer management. Recently, Peng et al. statement and Adv. Nanoparticles (1-100 nm) can be used to treat cancer due to their specific advantages such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, more excellent stability, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. The ensuing section discusses major physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their design considerations for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. 67(4), 1555 (2007), S.M. The % of viable cells after 96h incubation with IGF1 or IGF1-IONPs, and for 4h at equivalent IGF1 concentrations was estimated by cell proliferation assay, wherein *P<0.05; **P<0.001. d The in vivo effect on tumor cell proliferation of IGF1-IONPs in human pancreatic PDX-tumor xenografts. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Cho et al., Understanding the role of surface charges in cellular adsorption versus internalization by selectively removing gold nanoparticles on the cell surface with a I2/KI Etchant. There was 29-fold increase in therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarrier during the combination therapy when compared to control. Cells Nanomed. The chemical changes can also introduce changes in the hydrophobicity of the polymer, changing the integrity of nanoparticles and thereby leading to release of drug cargo. The in vivo antitumor studies were conducted on male BALB/C nude mice bearing a HepG2 tumor model. 2006 May;6(3):307-18. doi: 10.1586/14737159.6.3.307. 3. IET Nanobiotechnol. This heterogeneity adds another layer of complexity to passive targeting. Due to the morphological similarity with cellular membranes and ability to integratewith various substances, liposomes serve as an ideal drug-carrier systems. Ag nanoparticles have been used to deliver drugs that can elevate the therapeutic indices of the drug [148]. Biomaterials 33(4), 11801189 (2012), Y. Qiu et al., Surface chemistry and aspect ratio mediated cellular uptake of Au nanorods. Another potential strategy for inhibiting tumor metastasis and overcoming drug resistance was developed by co-delivering the drugs with particles featuring different physicochemical properties [152]. J. Pharm. Nature 446(7139), 1023 (2007), A. Verma, F. Stellacci, Effect of surface properties on nanoparticlecell interactions. Furthermore, silicon-based nanoparticles with quasi-hemispherical, discoidal and cylindrical shapes were used to study the effect of shape-dependent distribution, with discoidal particles distributed to most of the organs tested as compared to other shapes that had less diverse biodistributions [107]. Sensors (Basel). Nano Res. Chem. These nanocarriers help overcome the unwanted side effects in normal tissues and increase circulation time, bioavailability, and accumulation of drug at target-site by reducing toxicity and protect the chemotherapeutic agents from the surrounding environment. Park W, Heo YJ, Han DK. Artif. Natl. Chithrani et al. Targeted therapy using theranostic IGF1-iron oxide nanoparticles-doxorubicin significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic PDX tumors showing potential for improved therapeutic outcomes as shown in Fig. ACS Nano 1(1), 5056 (2007), R.P. Recently, coreshell nanoparticles were also developed with a magnetic core and mesoporous silica nanomaterials shell to effectively deliver epirubicin. Proc. 2023 Mar 15;14:1101320. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101320. J. 3561, T. Sun et al., Engineered nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer therapy. There are different classes of liposomes used as drug delivery platforms for enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics [232]. Nanomedicine and nanoparticle-based delivery systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2) [32]. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanotechnology applications for cancer diagnosis. In contrast, in closed-loop systems the drug release rate is controlled by the presence and intensity of internal stimuli in the vicinity of the target sites [60, 61]. 12(1), 320 (2018), S.-I. J. Specificity is defined as how effective the interaction is between the ligand-conjugated nanoparticles with their target molecules weighted against off-target effects incurred before reaching the target molecules. Brito C, Loureno C, Magalhes J, Reis S, Borges M. Vaccines (Basel). The challenge of bench-to-bedside translation of dendrimers, however, remains a significant challenge. 7a. J. 22, 969 (2004), S. Bae et al., Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles surface-modified with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and transferrin for targeting multiple tumor types. J. Eng. 46, 847859 (2018), S.P. 334(2), 196201 (2013), K. Saha et al., Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. 10, 157168 (2015), M. Ajmal et al., Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of methotrexate conjugated fluorescent carbon nanoparticles as drug delivery system for human lung cancer targeting. Artif. Trewyn, V.S.Y. Biomaterials 32(33), 85488554 (2011), C.H.J. Wang et al., developed a multi-walled carbon nanotube platform with improved circulation half-life, and active targeting ability with high drug loading ratio. The in vivo studies have further established that tumor volume reduces post-PDT as demonstrated by the decrease in fluorescence intensity. B 3(39), 77247733 (2015), J. Zhang et al., pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles for co-delivery of doxorubicin and curcumin to treat cancer via enhanced pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities. Similarly, graphene oxide with galactosylated chitosan with doxorubicin have been developed for the treatment of cancer. Likewise, external stimuli mediated treatment of cancer with mesoporous silica nanomaterials is seen as suitable drug delivery candidates since the external stimuli will be independent of complicated tumor physiological microenvironment. volume6, Articlenumber:23 (2019) Mater. Rezaianzadeh A, Jalali M, Maghsoudi A, Mokhtari AM, Azgomi SH, Dehghani SL. 8c, the cell viability of various formulations was investigated on a rat C6 glioma cell line at different temozolomide concentrations. Commun. FOIA Carbohyd. Robinson et al., High performance in vivo near-IR (>1m) imaging and photothermal cancer therapy with carbon nanotubes. Formulations have been approved for the treatment of Kaposis sarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer including Doxil, Myocet, DaunoXome, DepoCyte, Lipoplatin. Carbohyd. 2018 Feb 1;125:1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.014. 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A recent investigation reported that single walled carbon nanotubes were toxic, and induced death of the organs at higher dosages, whereas multi-walled carbon nanotubes in lower dosages could effectively deliver drug for targeted therapy of abnormal cells in breast cancer [205]. Kim et al., Co-eradication of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells by cross-linked multilamellar liposomes enhances tumor treatment. Therefore, it is essential to improve new procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. 2018;9(1):3490. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05467-z. Control. 12, 67596769 (2017), N. Karki et al., Functionalized graphene oxides for drug loading, release and delivery of poorly water soluble anticancer drug: a comparative study. Interfaces 5(5), 15661574 (2013), Z. Jin et al., Electrochemically controlled drug-mimicking protein release from ironalginate thin-films associated with an electrode. J. Pharm. Adv. Nanomed. Theranostics 8(3), 693709 (2018), G. Wang et al., Theranostic hyaluronic acid-iron micellar nanoparticles for magnetic-field-enhanced in vivo cancer chemotherapy. 2023 Apr 4;28(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Fan et al., Thermoresponsive supramolecular chemotherapy by V-shaped armed -cyclodextrin star polymer to overcome drug resistance. Several polymer-based therapeutics are currently in the market or undergoing a clinical evaluation to treat cancer. Interfaces 8(42), 2846828479 (2016), Y. Wang et al., An overview of nanotoxicity and nanomedicine research: principles, progress and implications for cancer therapy. Int. These targeted magnetic nanosystems could also be used in photothermal therapy, wherein, their specific localization in tumor sites can be used to induce a local thermal ablation of the tumor sites upon passing alternating magnetic field (AMF).

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