This narrative was reconstructed chiefly from the work of historian William Shea, including his books, Fields of Blood: The Prairie Grove Campaign, Pea Ridge, Civil War Campaign in the West, and his contribution to the Civil War Battlefield Guide, as well as interviews with the author and the staff at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park. By 10:00 on the morning of July 1, 1863, the situation near McPhersons Ridge, outside the town of Gettysburg, was becoming increasingly desperate for the Army of the Potomac. Shea says the region had become a logistical desert where armies could not operate without difficulty. Carrying his regiments flag up the slopes of Seminary Ridge, Col. Morrow received a non-lethal wound to the head. A tenth, unnamed man, took his turn holding the colors. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Having a regiment raised in western Washington County and then fighting its first big battle there is tragedy. This was especially important when guarding a fatigue detail, as they did not want to draw return fire on the workmen. Soon after we reached Yorktown, we discovered the rebels had Sharp Shooters also, wrote one 1st U.S.S.S. The Epic Battle Between the 24th Michigan and 26th North Carolina at Gettysburg, Help Purchase & Restore Sought-after Property at Gettysburg. Schofield had fallen ill and the task of rescuing Blunt fell to Herron. This photograph, taken by Alexander Gardner's assistant Timothy O'Sullivan, depicts a dead Confederate soldier at the likely location of his death on the western side of Devils Den. These 10-pound projectile shells, mostly used by Union forces, were fired by a 14-pounder James Rifle cannon and had a range around 1,700 yards. Satisfied with this achievement, and waiting for the rest of the army to catch up, the sharpshooters remained until morning. Although heavy and cumbersome, these were extremely accurate weapons. As Burgwyn fell to the forested floor he was momentarily heldaloft withinthe folds of the battle flag that he so proudly held. (ca. Parsons, who had fought at Carthage, saw victory as the only way to return to Missouri. Relief shown by hachures. Again the Confederate line held, forcing the federals to withdraw back to the valley. Although Hindman lacked military training, he was a tireless administrator and motivator. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). Credit: NPS Photo. https://www.historynet.com/killers-in-green-coats/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, Why? Due to the haste of the Confederate retreat, many of the Southern dead went unidentified. Southern officers foolish enough to present themselves in the open also made inviting targets. The Confederacy West of the Mississippi River had come back from the dead, Shea wrote of Hindmans achievement. As proof of that, Brigadier General Fitz-JohnPorter sent a complimentary note to the sharpshooters commander, Colonel Hiram Berdan, passing along praise from Major General George B. McClellan: Your men caused a number of rebels to bite the dust. Notably, the mans youthful features and the lack of gore on the body present a somewhat sanitized and romanticized version of death at Gettysburg. Many veterans of Western campaigns and battles shared the same sentiment, including Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman. Despite suffering heavy losses of their own, the North Carolinians reformed and charged the Union positions on Seminary Ridge. As the work details continued their efforts, encircling and then moving the line of trenches closer to the enemys, the sharpshooters were instructed not to engage the Confederates unless presented with a sure shot. If the lines of civilian loyalty were blurred in the East, they were at many times unintelligible in Southwest Missouri and Northwest Arkansas. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Each time the Confederates counter-attacked, but were stopped cold by a withering hail of grape shot from Union artillery batteries positioned on the valley floor. The Confederate sharpshooters at Devil's Den were only 500 yards from here. Once again they had been chosen to lead the way. With both flanks heavily pressed, the survivors of the 24th Michigan would join the rest of their Iron Brigade brothers in a fighting retreat back through town and onto the relative safety of Cemetery Hill. Berdan had begun organizing his distinctive organization soon after the Federal Armys defeat at Bull Run in July 1861. The injured Morrow struggled back to the town of Gettysburg before being captured by Confederates who later occupied the town. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Shea is one of the leading scholars trying to right the wrong, to bring attention to the Civil War west of the Mississippi River known today as the Trans-Mississippi. By 3 p.m., Herrons exhausted troops were no longer capable of attack. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Learn more about who the Confederate "sharpshooter" may have been on our blog. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Left image Author Robert F. ONeill reconsiders three overlooked 1863 cavalry clashes. WebConfederate private Sam Watkins gives a firsthand account of the "Dead Angle" at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the American Civil War. 1 seed in sub-regional, Satterlee, Ramsey named Globe's athletes of week. The battle between the 26th North Carolina and the 24th Michigan rapidly reached its climax. Berdans sharpshooters, assigned to General Porters 1st Division of the III Corps, were among the first of McClellans troops to board transport ships for Fortress Monroe, located at the very tip of the Peninsula. Credit: NPS Photo. On April 19, Companies A and C, under Major Casper Trepp, were sent to Brig. site.). We immediately deployed as skirmishers and closed in towards the fort, recalled a sharpshooter in the advance party. There was a leg of one of the enemy hanging up in a tree top 30 feet high.. As the Tarheels began their climb up the hill, the Federal soldiers and artillery held their fire. A dead Confederate soldier lies in front of a large boulder near Devil's Den. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Confederate survivors of the battle fared little better. Shea says the result of Blunts unorthodox recruiting measures was a unique fighting force. (image), 11 x 14 in. Using a hollow tree for concealment was just one of the innovative tactics sharpshooters used in confronting each other. Credit: NPS image. O'Sullivan, Timothy H, and Alexander Gardner, photographer. According to Martin T. McMahon, Brevet Major-General, U.S.V. Learn more about who the Confederate "sharpshooter" may have been on our blog. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Colonel Berdan received a request to deal with this deadly threat. March! came the order. About noon, Brig. On a crisp December day in 1862, a Confederate army of nearly 12,000 men under the command of Maj. Gen. Thomas Hindman took the field against two smaller Union A Confederate cemetery, meanwhile, was established on a hill overlooking downtown Fayetteville. He and I were detailed for special duty, this sad duty being to kill a Rebel sharpshootera big negrowho had been picking off our men. Today Prairie Grove is a state park, but it gets scant mention in histories of the war, something that Frisbie thought unjust long before Shea joined his campaign. Section 1. the Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, The raid helped slam the door on any Confederate recovery of Southwest Missouri. As a sharpshooter, he volunteered as a skirmisher, served on picket duty, and engaged in considerable shooting practice. In addition to their designations, their unique uniforms of green trousers, frock coats and forage caps gave the sharpshooters special status, but the men fully recognized the added pressure they would face during battle. WebConfederate States of America: Commanders and leaders; Brig. Scores died in the squalid conditions of makeshift hospitals in and around Fayetteville. The following list of organizations go into more detail on the specifics of the impressions for these units that we portray the most. Jacksons rump legislature proved to be the zenith of Confederate aspirations in Missouri. When enough satisfactory recruits were available, the 1st United States Sharp Shooters was mustered in, with four companies from New York, three from Michigan and one each from New Hampshire, Vermont and Wisconsin. Lieutenant Blair of the 26th, seeing the prostrate flag and knowing its recent history, exclaimed, no man can take those colors and live. Lane concurred, but picked up the flag nonetheless and yelled, twenty-sixth, follow me.. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of War my secure to be organized a battalion of sharpshooters for each Left image William A. Frassanito,Early Photography at Gettysburg(Gettysburg: Thomas Publications, 1995), 268-278. For several days in May 1862, the green-coated marksmenof the 1st United States Sharp Shooters had made things miserable for the Confederates manning the lines around Yorktown, Virginia. He earned the nickname, Angel of Death for 23 confirmed kills at Color Sergeant Abel Peck of the 24th was killed straight off and the regiments colors were quickly grabbed by Corporal Charles Bellore before it hit the ground. The whole border territory is tremendously tangled, he said. - Two plates form left (LC-B811-229B) and right (LC-B811-229A) halves of a stereograph pair. The geography of Northern Arkansas played a major role in the Prairie Grove campaign. These men accompanied regular On a crisp December day in 1862, a Confederate army of nearly 12,000 men under the command of Maj. Gen. Thomas Hindman took the field against two smaller Union armies totaling about 9,000 men under Brig. 1. Bodies, some blasted in two, lay frozen on the ground near headless torsos. After confiscating his extremely accurate weapon, they left the Yankees a note indicating that they hoped to get more of these guns in the future. record ("About This Item") with your request. They have fine fun, being only 250 yards from the Rebels, noted an envious sharpshooter left behind. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Forging a Path to Preservation at Lees Headquarters, Gettysburg - McPhersons and Oak Ridge - July 1, 1863 - 3:45pm to 5pm. total: 2,423 engaged: 5,525 total: Casualties and losses; 138 killed 548 wounded 135 missing 3 Cannons captured total: 821: 329 killed 1,107 wounded 378 missing. He has written numerous books on the Civil War, including histories of the Pea Ridge and Vicksburg campaigns. The Civil War created problems in how Americans thought about and dealt with death and dying and The Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg conveys these tensions. But like all the preceding color bearers from the 26th this day, Lane too would be struck down. Berdan ordered out a company as skirmishers, while the rest of the regiment advanced within close supporting distance. The tenacity of the 26ths assault forced the 24th Michigan back to a third line in the woods. 4. This photograph, taken by Alexander Gardner's assistant Timothy O'Sullivan, depicts a dead Confederate soldier at the likely location of his death on the western side of Devils Den. Despite suffering enormous casualties on July 1st, both the 24th Michigan and 26th North Carolina would see even more combat later in the three day battle. (See: Early photography at Gettysburg / William Frassanito. Contrary to popular belief, Confederate sharpshooters were not all snipers. Word of the sharpshooters achievements spread, and soon officers all along the line were clamoring for assistance from Berdans men. Opposite their position, a Confederate with a telescopic rifle began shooting through each of the openings until a U.S.S.S. As darkness fell, the Confederates withdrew to the hilltop. Credit: Library of Congress. 19 identifies the soldier depicted as Andrew Johnston Hoge. Stick up a cap, an a hole gets in it immediately., General Porter complimented the sharpshooters in his official report, saying, Col. In just ten minutes the 26th North Carolina had used ten different color bearers. Artillerymen were a favorite target, and unfortunate were the gunners who had to stand up to load their cannons. In response, it seems some Southern troops then resorted to a desperate tactic. He led his troops personally into battle. Dont shoot unless the Rebels open the ball were the instructions given, but as one sharpshooter noted, the enemy initiated the contest everyday. He was also careful to follow his other instructions: Whenever you see a head, hit it., Once General McClellans line of entrenchments had closed on the earthworks at Yorktown, the Confederates realized they needed to abandon their defenses. Much is expected of us as Sharp Shooters, and the Commander-in-Chief has more than once stated that he placed great reliance upon Col. Berdans corps of riflemen, noted one sharpshooter. After Christmas, Blunt and Herron were on the move again. Gardner & O'Sullivan - Confederate Sharpshooter in Original Location near Devils Den Then & Now. Most recently, he wrote Fields of Blood: The Prairie Grove Campaign.. Berdans men were even nearer the enemytoward the end of the siege the advanced rifle pits were within 50 yards. It was like a holiday excursion, recalled one sharpshooter. A small fight, on Nov. 28, 1862, a prelude to what would happen about a week later, left 475 men on both sides casualties of the battle of Cane Hill. They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did.. A number of men posing as dead soldiers lie across and underneath rocks in the Slaughter Pen. During their first day of combat, they had suffered three killed and six wounded. It was on that occasion that Old Californy did such splendid service.. Pressed in front, flank, and rear, many of Archers men barely escaped the Union vise. Credit: Library of Congress. Being selected to lead the effort and seeing the enemy cavalry flee at their approach was exhilarating. [11] Noted sharpshooters [ edit] United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Military personnel--Confederate--Pennsylvania--Gettysburg. I saw trees bloody higher than you could reach, wrote Gad Bryan, a Union officer. He is buried in the family plot in the Cane Creek Cemetery, off White Oak Road, near McKinnon, Tennessee. Pennsylvania United States Gettysburg, ca. For the next four weeks the sharpshooters would play an important role in those effortspicking off enemy artillerymen, dealing with Southern sharpshooters, guarding the fatigue details digging trenches and earthworks, engaging the enemy from the closest line of trenches and bolstering the picket lines. On Dec. 7, 1862, many of them lost their lives, some within sight of their homes at Prairie Grove. Upon spotting the approaching Union troops, Confederate artillerymen fired some shells in their direction, which sent the troops diving for cover. Whether the colonel actually killed the enemy soldier was unknown, but no more shots came from that tree. Hobart Ward (WIA) Strength; 6 Infantry regiments 2 Sharpshooter companies. Before long, opposing groups of marksmen were dueling each other, and Berdans men quickly gained respect for their counterparts. The Sharpshooters have a great name down here now, boasted one of Berdans men to his parents. I mean, we won: The Century-Long Battle Over This Confederate Flag, Revisiting the Small but Important Riots between Brandy Station and Gettysburg. The two men standing are doctors, posed as if inspecting the bodies. The summit of Little Round Top can be seen in the distance. In Oklahoma, a bitter conflict raged between those members of the Five Civilized Tribes who had been forced to walk the Trail of Tears, and those who earlier signed treaties agreeing to forfeit their land in Georgia and Tennessee in exchange for new land in Oklahoma. Sunny skies. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Holly April Houser, historical park interpreter, speaks about the Latta House as they stand on the house's back porch during a Stillwell, Okla., homeschoolers visit Wednesday afernoon, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. WebConfederate sharp-shooter at foot of Round Top, Gettysburg. Robert E. Rodes, a colonel and later major general of the In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. The modern photograph of this area reveals the Plum Run footbridge and the slope of Little Round Top in the distance. The U.S. War Department accepted his offer, and when news of the sharpshooter venture and Berdans call for marksmen was published in Northern newspapers, recruits from several states traveled to his camp of instruction in Weehawken, N.J. To prove they were capable, the eager volunteers had to pass a rigorous shooting testplace 10 consecutive shots in a 10-inch bulls-eye at 200 yards. Title and descriptive statement inscribed in ink on verso. Eight other members of the 26th's color guard joined Mansfield at the front. Their duties included skirmishing and reconnaisance. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. WebWhitworth Sharpshooters were the Confederates' answer to the Union sharpshooter regiments, House, where Union General John Sedgwick urged his men to leave a ditch in which they lay in order to cover from the Confederate snipers hidden 800 to 1000 yards away. Col. Henry Morrow of the 24th then directed the Michigan troops across Willoughbys Run and into the rear ofthe Tennessee regiments who were busy holding off the rest of the Iron Brigade. After that incident Berdans men sent back for some comrades carrying target rifles and scopes; four marksmen came up and manned the pit to make sure they would not be outgunned again. Cannon rifle shells recovered from the Battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862, are on display in the Hindman Hall Museum Wednesday morning, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. Old Californy is in his glory., Aside from the larger detachments sent to other units, individual groups of sharpshooters were also deployed to help man picket outposts. One of the men noted that made them feel like privileged characters.. Shortly after entering the woods, Reynolds, who was still conspicuously mounted on his horse, was struck by a bullet, reeled from his saddle, and fell to the ground, dead. The 26th North Carolina entered the battle with 843 soldiers and incurred687 casualties, including its colonel and lieutenant colonel. O'Sullivan, Timothy H, and Alexander Gardner, photographer. Claiborne Fox Jackson were hellbent on secession. This view of Devil's Den also shows the western slope of Little Round Top in the distance to the right. It is a sentiment shared by some historians now. The men had been promised accurate Sharps breechloading rifles, but they did not receive them in time for the beginning of the campaign. In the contested state of Missouri, the majority of citizens favored the Union, but a vocal minority led by Gov. The modern photo shows the same rocks, the now-wooded summit of Little Round Top in the background. There, Blunt and Schofield split up and commenced a two month-long game of cat and mouse with Hindman. Superintendent Jessee Cox (right) speaks about a rare Civil War-era revolving rifle during a Stillwell, Okla., homeschoolers visit Wednesday afernoon, Oct. 12, 2011, inside the Hindman Hall Museum at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. Blood on the ground, blood on the fences and blood on the trees. Right image Alan Thompson, museum registrar, speaks to families about Civil War soldiers during the Battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862, during a Stillwell, Okla., homeschoolers visit Wednesday afernoon, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. Within 70 days of his arrival he resurrected the Confederate war effort in Arkansas and Missouri, and had organized 20,000 men into infantry, artillery and cavalry units, a feat for which Shea said he deserves much credit. With the 26ths men reforming on their colonel and colors, Private Frank Honeycutt moved forward to take the flag from his colonel. There were a lot of slave owners who were very strongly pro-Confederate in Northwest Arkansas, which simply ratcheted up the tension between them and the Unionist population, he said. Guessing that he was firing too low, the marksman increased the angle and discharged his weapon. The Army of Northern Viriginia dressed in Blue. Lieutenant Colonel J.R. Lane, after checking on the mortally wounded Burgwyn, quickly assumed command of the regiment. The 24th Michigan was moved to the center of this line, with the 19th Indiana on its left and the 7th Michigan on its right. Blunts isolation was detected by Brig. When he arrived, Blunt found the Confederates in possession of the heights with Herrons shattered command taking up positions behind the Union artillery line. Little did they know, time was already rapidly running out for Archers Brigade. Reduced and redrawn version of the index map in the U.S. Army, Corps of Engineer's Military Maps Illustrated the Operations of the Armies of the Potomac & James Beveridge, John L. - Vaughan, David B. Winds NW at 10 to 20 mph.. Clear skies. The 24th Michigan followed closely on the heels of the 2nd Wisconsin and advanced so fast that the men lacked time to load their rifles before entering the smoke filled woods to the left of the 2nd Wisconsin. It had a lot to do with simple distance. High 68F. Although driven out of Jefferson City, following Confederate victories at Wilsons Creek and Lexington in 1861, Jackson assembled a rump legislature in Neosho that voted to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy. Shea describes Blunt as a man who wrote affectionate letters to his wife, but also indulged in prostitutes; a corrupt military administrator, but also the most aggressive general west of the Mississippi. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Many of the men could see their houses from the top of the hill where the Confederate troops were deployed. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. In the course of the next week, more Union soldiers arrived at Fortress Monroe, and preparations were made for an advance in force toward the Confederate defenses at Yorktown. A mural depicting the Battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862, hangs over the entryway to the Hindman Hall Museum Wednesday morning, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. Around midnight, the Confederates slipped out of their lines and began the long, cold march back to Van Buren. Every purchase supports the mission. The Union major wrote after the war: Why so many monuments at Gettysburg when no stone marks the spot where the 37th like a wall of fire rolled back the waves of treason and rebellion? It was a proud morning for us, one of the marksmen later recalled, as we marched past camp after camp, and battery after battery, waiting for us to get ahead and for their places in the column.. We waited a long time for a sight at him but he did not show himself. Through their efforts on the picket line and in silencing the enemy artillery, another proud marksman boasted, Our regiment won great laurelsand thousands of wonderful stories are told., With Berdans men causing so many problems, Southern sharpshooters were assigned to handle the menace. The sharpshooters were quickly proving that they deserved to be included among the Army of the Potomacs elite. Despite the growing enemy fire, the 24th pressed forward. Pennsylvania United States Gettysburg, ca. Remedies were applied, but no relief came and he died six hours after being taken. President Abraham Lincoln even visited the camp, accepting an invitation to fire at some targets. John Laughton, Jr.; ANV, Mahones Brigade, Sharpshooter Battalion The Commanding General is glad to find your [regiment] are proving themselves so efficient.. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of War my secure to be organized a battalion of sharpshooters for each brigade, consisting of not less than three nor more than six companies, to be composed of men selected from the brigade or otherwise, and armed with long-range muskets or rifles, said companies to be organized, and the commissioned officers therefore appointed by the President, by and with the advice, and consent of the Senate. Blunts Army of the Frontier was a multi-ethnic, multi-racial, multi-lingual institution the likes of which, as far as I know, didnt exist anywhere else in the United States, he said. Adjusting the scope and taking careful aim at the adversary in the treetop, he pulled the trigger. Commanded by the boy general, 21-year old Colonel Henry King Burgwyn, the officers of the 26th were anxious to enter the fight before the day was done. The remote location of the battle meant that medical supplies were painfully slow to arrive. He fought in General lees army. Martin He had been shot in the chest at Pea Ridge in March of that year, and had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. At a time when a single photograph required time and expensive materials to produce, there must have been something about this particular body which captured the photographers attention. PA Before long, Porters division began arriving, and while the officers were assessing the situation, some Federal batteries were ordered up to shell the Confederate defenses. Lanes counterpart, Colonel Henry A. Morrow of the 24th also become a casualty during the fight. William Frassanito has shown that while Hoge died at Gettysburg, his regiment was not involved in fighting near Devil's Den during the battle. A replica Civil War cannon sits in the walkway leading up to the Hindman Hall Museum for the Battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862, on Wednesday morning, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. On one occasion a detachment of eight sharpshooters drew the attention of a particularly talented Southern marksman. Photograph. On the evening of April 3, the sharpshooters received orders to cook three-days rations and prepare to march the following morning. The Morrow House served as headquarters for the Confederacy during the Battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862, as seen Wednesday morning, Oct. 12, 2011, at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park in Arkansas. Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. William Frassanito has shown that while Hoge died at Gettysburg, his regiment was not involved in fighting near Devil's Den during the battle. On May 9, 1864, General John Sedgwick became the highest ranking United States soldier to be killed in the U.S. Civil War when a sharpshooter killed him at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.But despite Sedgwicks leadership and his bravery, he is most known for his last words. At the beginning of the war, no provisions were made for units of sharpshooters in the Confederate Army. 8. The three campaigns of Wilsons Creek, Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove so devastated the people and the landscape of Northwest Arkansas and Southwest Missouri that it no longer was able to support military operations, he said. It had taken Blunt about 12 hours to discover that Hindman had moved toward Fayetteville. Confederate "Sharpshooter" in Original Location Near Devil's Den Then & Now, Left image Private John Stamper grabbed the regiments colors as they entered into the brush near the stream but fell before he made it across. Is the item digitized? Once the target was pointed out to him, the marksman found a good position, took careful aim and fired. 1 photographic print : albumen ; 19.1 x 23.5 cm. D. H. Hill - The Confederate Angel of Death: Lee's Fighting Close your men quickly to the left. He was an excellent sharpshooter, a death angel with a rifle some called him. Blunt, who now occupied Cane Hill, sent a desperate call to Springfield, Mo., for reinforcements. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Credit: NPS Photo. the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on Right image When one of Berdans men was mortally wounded, the colonel began surveying the enemy line and noticed on a low mound a long way off what appeared to be a crow coming into view periodically. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints Sketch Artist Alfred Waud in Devil's Den Then & Now. Lane concurred, but picked up the flag nonetheless and yelled, twenty-sixth, follow me.. The strategy was sound, but when Hindmans advance guard arrived on the battlefield, rather than attacking Herrons exhausted troops as they crossed the Illinois River, Col. Francis Shoup, one of Hindmans division commanders, assumed a defensive position along a crescent-shaped hill overlooking the valley of the Illinois.

Catonsville Police Scanner, Affordable Wedding Venues Smoky Mountains, Mathnasium Application Process, Whodini John Fletcher Funeral, Articles C