A successful marriage is not only measured on the basis of fundamental aspects of stability, longevity, and prosperity, but also on the number of children born. endobj LGBTQIA+ community 20 0 obj They constitute links in the ancestral chain for generations in perpetuity, as a lifeline for the family and clan, genealogically. In Africa generally, religion and witchcraft constitute a recognizable component of most peoples everyday life and world view. Between these two broad schools of counseling stem derivative approaches, such as adolescent counseling, careers counseling, child counseling, couples counseling, and psychosocial counseling. /Rotate 0 16 0 obj endobj The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. Its an issue of preference as well. 25 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] An overarching theme in most of these advantages is communication, expressing emotions, changing dysfunctional paternal and dealing with major life /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations and those that wish to take a transitional commitment such as initiation at puberty and marriage or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one due to physical illness, injury or accident. %PDF-1.3 The theoretical framework of traditional counseling is supported by multicultural theory, which promotes a systematic integration of numerous theoretical concepts based on the complexity of human experience and sociocultural, situational, and environmental factors. You Can Express Yourself In Many Ways Text, Video, Audio and More. << Press By using texting therapy online, you dont need to meet the therapist or look them in the eye as you dig into sensitive issues. << By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeba. Theres a reason why most therapists use online therapy to supplement their income rather than relying on it as the only source. This yields the notion of totems and rituals, ancestral religion and customs, and special shrines which serve as places of intimate personal memory and repositories of traditional knowledge, although ritual practices are much more diverse and fluid. /CharSet (\057space\057T\057r\057a\057d\057i\057t\057o\057n\057l\057C\057u\057s\057e\057g\057colon\057B\057y\057H\057c\057h\057b\057comma\057P\057R\057k\057f\057p\057two\057zero\057one\057nine\057m\057S\057L\057N\057w\057E\057six\057A\057U\057K\057D\057v\057copyright\057period\057I\057parenleft\057parenright\057hyphen\057five\057seven\057three\057four\057eight) /Rotate 0 /Parent 1 0 R The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Indigenous ways have existed for the whole of human creation, and they aptly connote traditional ways of doing things, based on traditional systems of knowledge and cultural practices. Initiation rituals have been a central part of traditional cultures of African society, from ancient times. /Type /Page Do you value tradition more than convenience, in-person interaction more than price? 27 0 obj Sometimes it relates to information-giving only. >> Children are advised on many aspects of social norms and moral conduct, including education on acceptable behavior, and collective responsibility in conformity with community life. /Type /ExtGState There is no specific timeframe for individual sessions in traditional counseling, but the traditional counselor applies intuition to determine the most appropriate timing for each session, depending on prevailing circumstances and conditions in each case. endobj << Orphan child-headed families are an emerging phenomenon, and are progressively moving toward institutionalization, not only in Zambia, but in most African countries. This is an essential element of African religions, and it is on this basis, that religious and shrine cults have flourished. If he or she asks what its for, you might not be comfortable telling him or her its for therapy. endobj Spirituality differs from private belief, because it bears a public aspect that ultimately unifies people into a religious brotherhood or sisterhood, a religious family, and a religious community. Lack of Culturally Appropriate Counseling Skills << /Rotate 0 Marriage is a very important institution in almost all human societies worldwide; it has survived human existence as an instrument for social interaction, procreation and protection from extinction, and it can be a critical factor in achieving happiness throughout family life. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] They are given in the context of a patients culture, beliefs, and values, as well as within the confines of his expectations and aspirations. The most notable ones are: an acceptance that human action can influence natural forces; a reliance upon the mediation of the revered spirits of the dead, who possess new powers over the living and influence human lives and actions; the importance given to shrines and cult ceremonies; reliance on charms or herbal medicines to enhance power, and wealth, and provide safeguards; recognized categories of spiritual entities, and the nature of religious cults; and the belief that much misfortune is caused by human greed and malevolence [10]. In rural communities, large land areas are divided into chiefdoms under the command of Chiefs. >> endobj For the vast majority of traditional African protagonists, it is the collective belief in, and reverence of, the ancestors, fear of spirits, totems and symbols, ritual sacrifice, initiation rituals, divination, and charms, as well as their interrelationships and interconnectedness to the enhancement of life, and the genealogical continuity which are fundamental issues of the traditional consciousness [9]. In most African countries, the sociocultural divide is prominent in rural villages, rural and urban townships, and various community settings. endobj The African interpretation of childhood refers to a period spanning about 15 years of a childs life from conception, and integrates early teenage and pubescence. 6 0 obj By using certain forms of online therapy, clients can write, talk with or without video, communicate in real time or asynchronously and even send pictures. /Type /Page It can take many hours to thoroughly search for a therapist who fits your needs and preferences. >> Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. endobj 2020 The Author(s). It greatly contributes to the stereotypical orientation that promotes the hegemony of men against the submissiveness of women. Books > Values represent the base upon which a person builds a satisfactory personal existence (age, geographical area, generation); they are crystallized through social models and personal experiences (cultural, professional, societal), and they represent the fundamental or universal paradigms, such as autonomy, equality, liberty, solidarity, freedom, justice, and fairness [6]. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The ritual of naming a child may take place at the household level, family level, or church level, and through consultation with a traditional healer. /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] /Rotate 0 As with modern counseling models, traditional counseling can take place in varying settings, and for different purposes and needs. Rituals have important cultural, social, psychological and symbolic dimensions to people who take part in ritual practices [22]. The benefits determined to be enjoyed from these interventions were improved states of happiness and decreases in depressive symptoms. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Elements of the traditional counseling process. The implication of this indigenous knowledge is that, although the linkage and interconnectedness between cause and effect may not be apparent from a modernistic perspective, many people believe in spirits, that is, natural spirits and ancestral spirits. << /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endobj >> /FontStretch /Normal Traditional healers use magic in a broad context. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] >> In the context of this understanding, it is plausible to infer that peoples attitudes and feelings about their culture, what is good or bad, what is acceptable or not, what is preferable or not, and why people act the way they do, all lay a sound foundation for the collective belief and value system. First, the attitude that includes the traditional counselors affective, behavioral and cognitive functions; second, the awareness, which includes the traditional counselors self-awareness of her own cultural values, beliefs and biases and how that cultural background affects the interpersonal dynamics between herself and the client; third, the knowledge, which includes familiarity with the major assumptions in traditional systems of knowledge, cultural backgrounds of the clients, and available social networks and referral systems; and fourth, the skills that include the application of traditional interventions and strategies which foster instantaneous resolution or amelioration of the presenting concerns. they provide individual, couples/family and group therapy for those looking to improve mood, create /Type /Pages Describe the approaches of leading therapists in the field of short-term psychotherapy. Most people, both educated and uneducated, believe in magic and witchcraft at the community level. /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy [EMDR]. /Contents 107 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] When there is failure, or dissatisfaction with a problem resolution at the zone committee level, the matter can be referred to the Chief, who is the final authority. /Rotate 0 28 0 obj << People in different cultures and societies globally have distinct ways of assisting those experiencing social, psychological, behavioral, emotional, familial, spiritual, and physical, problems. /Type /Page The process of initiation is based on a prescribed set of rituals to start a new phase in life, and it involves transformation, progression, and maturation [21]. 1) To develop in students an awareness of opportunities in the society through relevant and useful Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. /StemV 0 Online therapy networks have matching algorithms and specialists who take a few minutes to pair you with a therapist who fits your search queries. 29 0 obj /Contents 60 0 R /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 61 0 R endobj The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. Oral history as a source and method has been central to the development of African historiography, and no element has served as a clearer signature of, and for, the traditional oral source, within the programs of recovering the African past [2]. >> /Rotate 0 endobj >> Young people in adolescence are regarded as adults, capable of marrying or being married and bearing children. >> The term counseling is used to describe a variety of different activities. Traditional counseling is not only dependent on clear communication, but also on effective communication from the counselor to the client.

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