[212] Malaysia was ranked 36th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, and 32nd in the Global Competitiveness Report in 2022. Non-Malay bumiputeras make up more than half of Sarawak's population and over two thirds of Sabah's population. [255] The Malaysian constitution strictly defines what makes a "Malay", considering Malays those who are Muslim, speak Malay regularly, practise Malay customs, and lived in or have ancestors from Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysias near-term economic outlook will be more dependentthan usualon government measures to sustain private sector activity asthe shock of COVID-19reduces export-led growth, andasadepletedfiscal space limits public investment-led expansion. [188] Wildlife trafficking is a large issue, and the Malaysian government has held talks with the governments of Brunei and Indonesia to standardise anti-trafficking laws. [73] Malaysia signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Malaysia has long aspired to join the ranks of developed countries. Conducted numerous capacity buildingsessions,notablyMacro-Econometric Modeling workshops for MOF,technical workshopson the Long-Term Growth Model foreconomists and policy makers ingovernment, and seminars with academia to build a robust communityof policymakers. However, it has generated greater interethnic resentment. After the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Malaysias economy has been on an upward trajectory, averaging growth of 5.4%since 2010, and is expected to achieve its transition from an upper middle-income economy to a high-income economy by 2024. [50] The area that is now Sabah came under British control as North Borneo when both the Sultan of Brunei and the Sultan of Sulu transferred their respective territorial rights of ownership, between 1877 and 1878. [223], Popular sports in Malaysia include association football, badminton, field hockey, bowls, tennis, squash, martial arts, horse riding, sailing, and skate boarding. Openness to trade and investment has been instrumental in employment creation and income growth, with about 40% of jobs in Malaysia linked to export activities. [300] Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. [178] The waters around Sipadan island are the most biodiverse in the world. Countries whose HDI score falls below that are classified as developing, least-developed, or (informally) underdeveloped. [161], Muslim holidays are prominent as Islam is the state religion; Hari Raya Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Malay for Eid al-Fitr), Hari Raya Haji (also called Hari Raya Aidiladha, Malay for Eid ul-Adha), Maulidur Rasul (birthday of the Prophet), and others being observed. Countries which score between 1.000 and 0.800 are classified as developed. Fromthis experience, the World Bank Group published a Global Guidance document to help other countries develop their own green taxonomies. Malaysia is one of the most open economies in the world with a trade to GDP ratio averaging over 130%since 2010. [251][252], Sunni Islam of Shafi'i school of jurisprudence is the dominant branch of Islam in Malaysia,[253][254] while 18% are nondenominational Muslims. This work of the Hubunderitssecond phase of operation from 2020-25 focuseson three thematic areas: In covering these three broad thematic areas, the Hubs overall work program will consist, in varying degrees, of both knowledge and research-relatedcomponents,as well as both outbound and inboundactivities. [184], Logging, along with cultivation practices has devastated tree cover, causing severe environmental degradation in the country. In August 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and became a separate independent country.[14]. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia employs RELA, a volunteer militia with a history of controversies, to enforce its immigration law. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. Family support interventions had been shown to be effective in improving the PTB treatment outcomes. Admission to the OECD, often referred to as the "rich countries' club," would be formal recognition that Malaysia has done just that. The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages. Manufacturing has a large influence in the country's economy,[205] although Malaysia's economic structure has been moving away from it. The Federation of Malaya became an independent country on 31 August 1957. [173] It is estimated to contain 20percent of the world's animal species. During World War Two, British Malaya, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the Empire of Japan. We face big challenges to help the worlds poorest people and ensure that everyone sees benefits from economic growth. [195], Malaysia is the world's 23th-largest exporter and 25th-largest importer. [69], Malaysia is a federal constitutional elective monarchy; the only federal country in Southeast Asia. ; Zainuddin, N. and Chan, H.T. [339][340], Coordinates: 2N 112E / 2N 112E / 2; 112. However, the COVID-19(coronavirus)pandemic has had a majoreconomicimpact on Malaysia, particularlyonvulnerable households. A list of thirteen states and each state capital (in brackets): A founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)[111] and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC),[112] the country participates in many international organisations such as the United Nations,[113] the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,[114] the Developing 8 Countries,[115] and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). [166] Over 620 species of birds have been recorded in Peninsular Malaysia,[174] with many endemic to the mountains there. [73], Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures. The council was renamed the Olympic Council of Malaysia in 1964, and has participated in all but one Olympic games since its inception. The report noted that to best prepare for this likely income transition and to ensure Malaysia does not trail behind other high-income and developed countries, Malaysia will have to find ways to boost economic growth, improve its competitiveness, create high-quality jobs, strengthen its institutions, ensure greater inclusion and strengthen its capacity to finance the transition to high-income and developed nation status. [156], Malaysia is the 66th largest country by total land area, with a land area of 329,613km2 (127,264sqmi). 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "Japan should support nuclear ban treaty, says Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohamad", "Why Malaysia, unlike Philippines, keeps quiet on sea row", "Presence of China Coast Guard ship at Luconia Shoals spooks local fishermen", "Malaysia lodges diplomatic protest against intrusion at Beting Patinggi Ali", "Malaysia slams China's 'provocation' in South China Sea", "Malaysia's territorial disputes two cases at the ICJ: Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Ligitan and Sipadan [and the Sabah claim] (Malaysia/Indonesia/Philippines)", "Border disputes differ for Indonesia, M'sia", "Malaysia Permanent Missions to the United Nations", "Australia says major military exercise underway in Malaysia", "Brunei, M'sia train in 11th military exercise", "First China-Malaysia joint military exercise held in Malacca Strait", Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, "First Ever Joint Army exercise on Malaysian Soil Commences with Handing-Over of Troops Ceremony", "Indonesia-Malaysia military exercises must continue defence minister", "Malaysia, US armed forces in joint exercise", "Malaysia, Philippines committed to enhancing border security", "Piracy in Southeast Asia: Organised Criminal Syndicates or Small Scale Opportunists? Lower-level administration is carried out by local authorities, which include city councils, district councils, and municipal councils, although autonomous statutory bodies can be created by the federal and state governments to deal with certain tasks. If we examine the WEF's recent report (The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-14), there is a strong possibility that Malaysia will reach that magic number of per capita income US$12,601 to be classified as a developed country. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country in Southeast Asia and one of the wealthiest and most developed countries, outranked in GNP only by Singapore and oil-rich Brunei. [47] Although the judiciary is theoretically independent, its independence has been called into question and the appointment of judges lacks accountability and transparency. [209] Malaysia was ranked 38th in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019. Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with Manglish, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese, and Tamil influences. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy. Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law. [220], Malaysia's telecommunications network is second only to Singapore's in Southeast Asia, with 4.7million fixed-line subscribers and more than 30million cellular subscribers. With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. It will never get there. The 12th Malaysia Plan will set out our agenda for the next five years. [161][185] Deforestation is a major problem for animals, fungi and plants, having caused species such as Begonia eiromischa to go extinct. [161] In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature of different languages. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, and the main holiday of each major group has been declared a public holiday. [223] Football is the most popular sport in Malaysia. It is the vehicle through which the Government aims to steer Malaysias recovery from COVID-19 and propel our country towards high-income and developed country status and to the achievement of our Shared Prosperity Vision., Malaysia has the ambition to become not just a high-income economy, but one in which growth is sustainable and shared. The Federation of Malaya became an independent country on 31 August 1957. [162], The two parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the South China Sea, share a largely similar landscape in that both Peninsular and East Malaysia feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains. The most prominent of these is the Main Range, which is about 300 miles (480 km) long and has peaks exceeding 7,000 feet (2,100 metres). [322], Malaysians observe a number of holidays and festivities throughout the year. Since gaining independence in 1957, Malaysia has successfully diversified its economy from one that was initially agriculture and commodity-based, to one that now plays host to robust manufacturing and service sectors,whichhave propelledthe countryto become a leading exporter of electrical appliances, parts,and components. [207], Tourism is the third-largest contributor to Malaysia's GDP, after the manufacturing and commodities sectors. [233] The local Chinese have historically been more dominant in the business community. Increasedcompetition,reducedprices,andincreasedspeedsfor broadband internetvianew analysis andresearch on Malaysiasdigitaleconomy. Peninsular Malaysia is dominated by its mountainous core, which consists of a number of roughly parallel mountain ranges aligned north-south. [301] These ensembles are also common in neighbouring regions such as in Mindanao in the Philippines, Kalimantan in Indonesia, and Brunei. [36], The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 took the name the Federation of Malaya, chosen in preference to other potential names such as Langkasuka, after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE. [264], English remains an active second language, with its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of 1967. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. A divide exists between the media in the two halves of the country. During this time, ethnic tensions were raised and nationalism grew. [234] Bumiputera status is also accorded to the non-Malay indigenous groups of Sabah and Sarawak: which includes Dayaks (Iban, Bidayuh, Orang Ulu), Kadazan-Dusun, Melanau, Bajau and others. [299] It was once used as a form of long-distance communication. Malaysia is certain to become a developed country. Malaysia is a developing country. In a custom known as "open house" Malaysians participate in the celebrations of others, often visiting the houses of those who identify with the festival. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is an important public health problem in Malaysia. Really? The British obtained the town of Singapore in 1819,[48] and in 1824 took control of Malacca following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty. [239][240] Malaysian citizenship is not automatically granted to those born in Malaysia, but is granted to a child born of two Malaysian parents outside Malaysia. [161] The Crocker Range extends northwards from Sarawak,[161] dividing the state of Sabah. [333] The 3rd Hockey World Cup was hosted at Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, as well as the 10th cup. [302] English has also become a common literary language. Without doubt, many more fungal species in Malaysia have not yet been recorded, and it is likely that many of those, when found, will be new to science. [17] The origin of the word Melayu is subject to various theories. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi'i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia. [19][20][21] Another suggestion is that it derives from the Pamalayu campaign. The government discourages the use of non-standard Malay but has no power to issue compounds or fines to those who use what is perceived as improper Malay on their advertisements. [100] The federal constitution puts local authorities outside of the federal territories under the exclusive jurisdictions of the state government,[101] although in practice the federal government has intervened in the affairs of state local governments. [159] The land borders are defined in large part by geological features such as the Perlis River, the Golok River and the Pagalayan Canal, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention. [39] However, in the late 1990s, the Asian financial crisis almost caused the collapse of the currency and the stock and property markets, although they later recovered. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera[jargon] students. [39] Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state Malaysia before the modern country took the name.
