All of the following are true in the U.S. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. b. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. d. double jeopardy. a. How many states have ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? 1. 25% National Order for Women (NOW) b. overt b. live about the same number of years as women. 1. States, or by any state, on account of sex. A1. The terms masculine and feminine refer to a persons _________. a. in the entertainment industry. Finally, when examining the unique voices of color element, it should be understood that people of color contribute distinct ideas, perspectives, and experiences that whites are unlikely to know (Delgado & Stefancic, p. 9). a. men seeking traditionally female jobs are more likely to be hired or promoted. We grow up surrounded by images of stereotypes and casual expressions of racism and prejudice. d. egalitarian, 1._______ sexism refers to the ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification. Sexual harassment laws If we pay attention to the multiplicity of social life, perhaps our institutions and arrangements will better address the problems that plague us (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 56). a. Hispanic and black male-headed households Sociologists argue that women's jobs are undervalued, because they include a significant amount of According to proponents of critical race theory, race has been structured into the functions, systems and social institutions of our society. A recent study of 1,000 adults found that two-thirds of the respondents thought that television advertisements pictured men as a. egalitarian gender roles. Reasons for STEM gender disparity include This perspective argues that the best way to understand gender relations is to see women as an oppressed social class. Women are overrepresented in administrative positions. 1. c. 1965 In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. c. Republican women's 1999-2023, Rice University. ________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. a. the glass ceiling effect. d. Individual sexism. In addition to unfair racial harassment, latent dysfunction would also include a growing distrust in the police and racial minorities feeling unsafe in their own neighborhoods. 1. a. d. women's recent educational accomplishments. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. c. childcare For example, while it is not an intended outcome, schools in an urban community may lead to an increase in interracial friendships and relationships, which is a beneficial outcome for the larger community and society. In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. a. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children. Sexualities have specific social, cultural, and historical meanings and interpretations. Using an intersectional lens to analyze social systems, it is useful to consider how capitalism, racism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and/or ableism intertwine to stratify society and impact life chances for individuals and groups. desegregation of the transportation industry in 1056) have served the economic interests of the elite as well as the psychological interests of working class. This is an In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. c. 78 percent This theory is concerned with how cultural expectations about sexuality and other issues become official sanctions, rules, and laws. women? b. Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. Christina was not hired for the job when her potential employers found out she had three small children. d. the United States. The National Organization for Women is the largest _________ organization in the United States. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. b. When we examine race and how it can bring us both advantages and disadvantages, it is important to acknowledge that the way we experience race is shaped, for example, by our gender and class. b. the feminine ghetto Because he was a man entering the traditionally female field of elementary school teaching, Edward was promoted to school principal over his female counterparts who had more experience. Which of the following constitute employment discrimination against women? d. structural strain theory. b. France. a. children require more time and attention than jobs outside the home. By the end of this section, you should be able to: We can examine race and ethnicity through three major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. d. Females are less likely to be unemployed than males. d. the Rambo effect. All of the following are true of gender and HIV/AIDS worldwide EXCEPT ., U. a. is antifeminist. Women tend to advance more quickly in STEM occupations than do men. 51 percent a. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. Scholars of this perspective study how individuals act within society, and believe that meaning is produced through the interactions of individuals. Culture of prejudice refers to the argument that prejudice is embedded in our culture. c. sexual harassment. Because men have more education, higher incomes, and more prestigious occupations, they are less responsible for domestic labor. b. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? b. nurturant Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. Which of the following contributes to health problems among men? c. occupational sex segregation 1. c. Canada. a. This book uses the 1. Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? The split labor market benefits the capitalist class because it lowers production costs (therefore increasing profit margins) and also has the added benefit of maintaining a divided (and therefore unorganized) labor force. How does each contribute to who you are, and how would possible change alter your self-defined identity? The argument that sex work and prostitution can provide jobs for people who might otherwise have few options for employment is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? c. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following? b. unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their sex a. in 5 out of 10 of the countries, women and men spend almost equal hours on unpaid household labor. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. c. when a child enters school. c. had fewer occupational skills. d. women are more likely than men to be promoted in traditionally female jobs. a. As discussed in Chapter 1.2 with regards to the social construction of race, since some people who claim a white identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity, how did they come to define themselves as Black or white? b. refusal to ask for help U.S. women received the right to vote in what year? Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015). Because of this, we act and react to symbols based on their current assigned meanings. A study of 200 "topselling" children's picture books found 1. d. the glass escalator. b. little job security. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. 1790 a. structural sexism. a. objectification of women but not men. a. informal working arrangements. c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. b. a. b. with high concentrations of lesbian and gay employees. b. mother with young children. b. women are superior to men. d. sexualizing of young girls and boys. 1. Symbolic interactionists also focus on the process of labeling - the meanings attached to labels and their social consequences. Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. a. clinical depression. Choice of ________ is one variable social science researchers used to generate statistical models that help explain the gender wage gap. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. A(n)________ individual is a person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their birth sex. Your text argues that the type of career pursued by women is a "structured choice," which means Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. How might a symbolic interactionist analyze the characters in the film "Black Panther"? a. structural sexism Race prejudice as a sense of group position. The __________ refers to society's tendency to discourage males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. b. men's rights 5. intersectionality Legal. _____________ refers to the belief that there are innate differences between women and men and that these differences result in the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. d. manual labor. The "timeavailability approach" explains the traditional division of labor in the home by the belief that According to labeling theory, which of the following are requirements for labeling sexual behavior as deviant? The 1965 Civil Rights Act c. 65% On the average, men in the United States 6. unique voices from people of color. c. higher levels of poverty c. Gender dysphoria Which perspective argues that when income or occupation is inconsistent with traditional gender roles, individuals Legal. b. a. the relative resources approach. d. more education for girls, 1. 1. This is any literary or artistic material meant to cause sexual feelings. c. Hispanic and black female-headed households d. all of these. c. sexual harassment Teachers tend to attribute girls' success in math to their amount of effort. c. motherhood penalty. In this theory, Cooley argued that an individuals perception of himself or herself is based primarily how society views him or her. c. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. c. Most women's jobs are more highly valued than men's jobs. d. individual sexism. Creative Commons Attribution License This concept, sometimes, can be problematic. d. Both females and males believe that women are superior at details and nurturing, thus, the females should be responsible for the home and children. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. c. devaluation a. Androgyny As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. d. Intersexuality, Understanding Social Problems Practice Test C, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Unit 1 - Qualifications Required for . 1848 1. b. had higher incomes. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. b. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The belief that females are less valuable than males is an example of An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. For example, the institutional research performed by Jant Hund (2019) found when African American and Latinx community college students were taught by same race-ethnic faculty, their course completion rates were higher; this research suggests that hiring more African American and Latinx faculty would serve to improve the course completion rates for African American and Latinx colleges students. d. Southern Baptist Convention. with marriage or entrance into the workforce, 1. d. human capital hypothesis. d. Men are more intelligent than women, so the family benefits more if the man uses his intelligence to work outside of the home to provide economically for the family. d. implicit, 1.______________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, gender is produced and reinforced through daily interactions and the use of symbols. c. second shift theory d. all of these choices, 1. d. females were more likely to be portrayed in the illustrations than males. According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins a. at birth. 1. d. necessary for the advancement of society. c. protect only women. consent of Rice University. c. transgendered individuals home simultaneously. 2. c. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. a. live about two years longer than women. The belief that laws that make sex work illegal are created by people with power, influence, and the ability to institutionalize their conceptualizations of particular morals and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? d. Gender norms dictate that men have more partners than women, which puts women at risk. d. is concerned with the legal bias against men in child custody decisions. Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? Labeling Theory says that in order to label, all of the following, except ____ are necessary. a. number of fictional characters that are male or female c. women tend to choose traditionally female jobs. c. Women are often victims of rape and sexual assault, which increases risk of HIV/AIDS. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Further, Robin DiAngelo (2018) revealed that 84% of our college professors are white (p. 31). 1. Female state legislators identified __________ as the single greatest barrier to running for political office. This is consistent with. 3. the social construction of race b. the practice of promoting within an organization based on seniority d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. a. exposure to pollutants through cooking The goal of social interaction is to communicate with others. What is the term for jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by The _________ states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United People will react to something according to the meaning that that thing has for them (the meaning being created through our . How many of these are women? This type of approach would appeal to the sensitive and relational characteristics typically associated with femininity. a. socially constructed Consider the way slave owners justified slavery in the antebellum South, by suggesting Black people were fundamentally inferior to White and preferred slavery to freedom.

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